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Online Published: 05 Nov 2026
 


IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY-LED TOTAL SANITATION PROGRAM IN THE KPANDO MUNICIPALITY, GHANA: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Linda Abra Adinyirah, Felix Mbiba, Derrick Delali Atiase, Hubert Amu.


Abstract
Background: The issue of improved sanitation has been a concern for many communities globally. Poor sanitation practices have been linked to various diseases and health problems, particularly in developing countries. The Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach has been widely recognized as an effective means of improving sanitation practices and achieving Open Defecation Free (ODF) status in communities. This study investigated the implementation of Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) in the Kpando Municipality of Ghana.
Methodology: This was a qualitative study which recruited 11 adult residents of Kpando the Municipality using in-depth interviews. Data Collected were analysed thematically using ATLAS.ti.
Results: The study found that community involvement and leadership, education and sensitization, and toilet construction and sustainability were crucial processes in the implementation of CLTS in the Kpando Municipality. However, financial constraints, poor quality materials, and lack of education and awareness were identified as the main factors impeding the progress of CLTS implementation. The study also found that women played a critical role in the implementation of CLTS and the achievement of ODF status.
Conclusion: Our findings show that it is important to continue investing in education and awareness creation activities, engaging and empowering women, and providing support to communities to ensure the success of CLTS implementation.

Key words: Keywords: Community-Led Total Sanitation; Open Defecation; Hygiene; Rural Sanitation; Ghana.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Adinyirah LA, Mbiba F, Atiase DD, Amu H. IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY-LED TOTAL SANITATION PROGRAM IN THE KPANDO MUNICIPALITY, GHANA: A QUALITATIVE STUDY. EPHRJ. 2026; 1(1): -.

doi:10.5455/EPHRJ.303-1784747850

Web Style

Adinyirah LA, Mbiba F, Atiase DD, Amu H. IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY-LED TOTAL SANITATION PROGRAM IN THE KPANDO MUNICIPALITY, GHANA: A QUALITATIVE STUDY. https://newcom679.name//?mno=328678 [Access: November 05, 2026].

doi:10.5455/EPHRJ.303-1784747850

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Adinyirah LA, Mbiba F, Atiase DD, Amu H. IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY-LED TOTAL SANITATION PROGRAM IN THE KPANDO MUNICIPALITY, GHANA: A QUALITATIVE STUDY. EPHRJ. 2026; 1(1): -.


doi:10.5455/EPHRJ.303-1784747850

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Adinyirah LA, Mbiba F, Atiase DD, Amu H. IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY-LED TOTAL SANITATION PROGRAM IN THE KPANDO MUNICIPALITY, GHANA: A QUALITATIVE STUDY. EPHRJ. (2026), [cited November 05, 2026]; 1(1): -.


doi:10.5455/EPHRJ.303-1784747850

Harvard Style

Adinyirah, L. A., Mbiba, . F., Atiase, . D. D. & Amu, . H. (2026) IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY-LED TOTAL SANITATION PROGRAM IN THE KPANDO MUNICIPALITY, GHANA: A QUALITATIVE STUDY. EPHRJ, 1 (1), -.


doi:10.5455/EPHRJ.303-1784747850

Turabian Style

Adinyirah, Linda Abra, Felix Mbiba, Derrick Delali Atiase, and Hubert Amu. 2026. IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY-LED TOTAL SANITATION PROGRAM IN THE KPANDO MUNICIPALITY, GHANA: A QUALITATIVE STUDY. Environmental and Public Health Research Journal, 1 (1), -.


doi:10.5455/EPHRJ.303-1784747850

Chicago Style

Adinyirah, Linda Abra, Felix Mbiba, Derrick Delali Atiase, and Hubert Amu. "IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY-LED TOTAL SANITATION PROGRAM IN THE KPANDO MUNICIPALITY, GHANA: A QUALITATIVE STUDY." Environmental and Public Health Research Journal 1 (2026), -.


doi:10.5455/EPHRJ.303-1784747850

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Adinyirah, Linda Abra, Felix Mbiba, Derrick Delali Atiase, and Hubert Amu. "IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY-LED TOTAL SANITATION PROGRAM IN THE KPANDO MUNICIPALITY, GHANA: A QUALITATIVE STUDY." Environmental and Public Health Research Journal 1.1 (2026), -. Print.


doi:10.5455/EPHRJ.303-1784747850

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Adinyirah, L. A., Mbiba, . F., Atiase, . D. D. & Amu, . H. (2026) IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY-LED TOTAL SANITATION PROGRAM IN THE KPANDO MUNICIPALITY, GHANA: A QUALITATIVE STUDY. Environmental and Public Health Research Journal, 1 (1), -.


doi:10.5455/EPHRJ.303-1784747850

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